Anthelme Crypto AI · STATE OF PLAY
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State of Play · Monitoring

Crypto Taxation — The State of Play

An updated snapshot of crypto-tax legislation and its implementation, from global frameworks to African administrations.

Monitoring designed for tax administrations & financial intelligence units.
Global Panorama
48+
jurisdictions adopting CARF
2027
first automatic exchanges
2024-25
MiCA in force (EU)
R.15/16
Travel Rule — FATF
Africa — Momentum
  • ATAF: building crypto-tax capacity
  • Nigeria: SEC regulates issuers, CBN stablecoins
  • Kenya: 3% Digital Asset Tax
  • South Africa: licensed VASPs + reporting
  • UEMOA: VASP framework under construction
The Crypto Tax Gap
  • Volumes on-chain far above declared amounts
  • P2P & unhosted wallets escape reporting
  • Non-CARF jurisdictions = risk corridors
  • Indicators: gap between activity and filings
Adoption by Jurisdiction
JurisdictionFrameworkStatus
OECD / CARFAutomatic exchange of informationAdopted · 48+
EU / MiCACASP licensing + stablecoinsIn force
NigeriaSEC digital assets + CBNActive
South AfricaFAIS Act + SARS guidanceActive
KenyaFinance Act 2023 — 3% DATActive
GhanaSEC Ghana guidelinesIn progress
UEMOABCEAO VASP frameworkUnder construction
FranceCGI art. 150 VH bisActive
USAIRS staking + broker reportingPartial
Africa — Country by Country
CountryTax regimeLegal referenceStatus
NigeriaCGT ~24% + CT · staking/mining = business incomeCrypto-Asset Regulation Act 2024 (SEC)Active
South AfricaCGT 18% · staking = ordinary incomeSARS Notice 2025-01 · FSRA 2024Active
Kenya30% marginal · mining = business incomeKRA Circular 2024-03Active
GhanaCGT 25% · staking = investment incomeGRA Notice 2025-12Active
MauritiusSpecial regime 15% · staking passive 15%FSC Crypto-Asset Framework 2024Active
Seychelles0% CGT · mining 22%FSA Crypto-Regulation 2025Active
Côte d'IvoireNo dedicated text — general CGTDraft law expected 2027In progress
RwandaAML/CFT updated, no specific taxPublic consultation 2027In progress
EthiopiaCrypto payments banned, no gains taxCARF-aligned framework expected 2028Under construction
MoroccoGains = movable capital income (15%)ACAB guidelines 2024Partial
TunisiaFlat tax 10% on gains (project)Draft law 2026-27Under construction
ATAF Coordination & Reporting
InitiativeKey pointsStatus 2026
ATAF Crypto-Tax Guidance 2025Classification template (capital gains, business income, staking rewards) + 30% withholding tax on crypto-payments to non-residentsAdopted by 12 members (Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa…)
ATAF-CARF Alignment Project 2026Mapping CARF reporting fields to local tax formsPilots in Ghana, Mauritius, Rwanda
Compliance Checklist
  • Classify each activity (sale, swap, staking, mining, airdrop, NFT)
  • Determine the rate (CGT vs ordinary income) per jurisdiction
  • Keep on-chain records (date, amount, FMV, counterparties)
  • Register with the local VASP regulator (CBN, FSCA, CMA…)
  • Implement Travel Rule capture above the local threshold
  • Prepare CARF reporting — first year 2027
  • File the specific crypto forms (SARS, FIRS, CMA, RRA…)
Emerging Trends
  • Cross-border DeFi: yields treated as foreign-source income — withholding tax under ATAF guidance
  • Stablecoin regulation: drafted as e-money with AML/KYC and reserve requirements (Nigeria, Kenya)
  • Data-sharing: AU negotiating an On-Chain Information Exchange (OCIE) to complement AEOI