{
 "genere_le": "2026-09-14T00:12:56",
 "titre": "Identification — qui est derriere l'entite ?",
 "methode": "Couverture de propriete mesuree entite par entite sur l'API GLEIF (direct-parent-relationship / ultimate-parent-relationship) ; joignabilite des sources testee par requete HTTP reelle. Aucune donnee estimee : un echec est affiche comme un echec.",
 "couverture_gleif": {
  "entites": 28,
  "avec_parent_declare": 7,
  "sans_aucun_enregistrement": 21,
  "exceptions_de_reporting": 0,
  "silencieux": [
   "Glencore Associates",
   "GLENCORE PLC",
   "CMOC Group Limited",
   "CMOC Capital Limited",
   "Zijin Mining Group Co. Ltd.",
   "Sprott-Zijin Mining Master Fund",
   "BARRICK GOLD INC.",
   "BARRICK MINING CORPORATION",
   "ANGLO AMERICAN FOUNDATION",
   "Anglo American Hardwoods",
   "IVANHOE MINES LTD.",
   "TRAFIGURA GROUP PTE. LTD.",
   "EURASIAN RESOURCES GROUP",
   "GERALD GROUP LIMITED",
   "MERCURIA ENERGY GROUP LIMITED",
   "Mercuria Energy Trading B.V.",
   "VITOL HOLDING B.V.",
   "VITOL HOLDING II S.A.",
   "FIRST QUANTUM MINERALS LTD.",
   "FIRST QUANTUM MINERALS GROUP EMPLOYEE BENEFIT TRUST",
   "KAMOTO COPPER COMPANY SA"
  ],
  "note": "GLEIF ne contient que des entites qui ont VOLONTAIREMENT pris un LEI, et ne publie que les relations DECLAREES. Une reponse 404 signifie « aucun enregistrement publie » : ce n'est pas la preuve qu'il n'y a pas de parent, c'est l'absence de declaration. Les structures opaques sont absentes par construction."
 },
 "sources_testees": {
  "total": 25,
  "joignables": 10,
  "fermees": 3,
  "injoignables": 11,
  "sonde_le": "2026-09-14T00:03:21",
  "detail": [
   {
    "source": "GLEIF — fiche LEI (API)",
    "url": "https://api.gleif.org/api/v1/lei-records/254900EE0KLYFVG52P13",
    "code": 200,
    "etat": "JOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Identite legale des entites deja chargees (CC0, sans cle)"
   },
   {
    "source": "GLEIF — parent direct (Level 2)",
    "url": "https://api.gleif.org/api/v1/lei-records/254900EE0KLYFVG52P13/direct-parent-relationship",
    "code": 404,
    "etat": "introuvable (404)",
    "apport": "Relation declarative + EXCEPTION de reporting (NATURAL_PERSONS, NO_LEI, NON_CONSOLIDATING)"
   },
   {
    "source": "GLEIF — parent ultime (Level 2)",
    "url": "https://api.gleif.org/api/v1/lei-records/254900EE0KLYFVG52P13/ultimate-parent-relationship",
    "code": 404,
    "etat": "introuvable (404)",
    "apport": "Tete de groupe declaree, ou raison de son absence"
   },
   {
    "source": "ICIJ — Offshore Leaks",
    "url": "https://offshoreleaks.icij.org/",
    "code": 200,
    "etat": "JOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Entites offshore, dirigeants, intermediaires (Panama/Pandora/Paradise) : les societes ecran"
   },
   {
    "source": "OpenOwnership — registre",
    "url": "https://register.openownership.org/",
    "code": 403,
    "etat": "ACCES REFUSE (cle / compte / payant / robots)",
    "apport": "Beneficiaires effectifs declares (format BODS)"
   },
   {
    "source": "OpenOwnership — API BODS",
    "url": "https://api.openownership.org/v0.2/entities",
    "code": null,
    "etat": "INJOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Interrogation programmatique BODS"
   },
   {
    "source": "OpenCorporates — API",
    "url": "https://api.opencorporates.com/v0.4/companies/search?q=glencore",
    "code": 401,
    "etat": "ACCES REFUSE (cle / compte / payant / robots)",
    "apport": "Registres de commerce agreges (immatriculation, statut, dirigeants)"
   },
   {
    "source": "EITI — divulgation des BE",
    "url": "https://eiti.org/beneficial-ownership",
    "code": 200,
    "etat": "JOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Obligation 2.5 : registres publics de beneficiaires effectifs par pays membre"
   },
   {
    "source": "SEC EDGAR — plein texte",
    "url": "https://efts.sec.gov/LATEST/search-index?q=%22Glencore%22",
    "code": 200,
    "etat": "JOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Filiales declarees (Exhibit 21) des groupes miniers cotes aux Etats-Unis"
   },
   {
    "source": "Nigeria — CAC",
    "url": "https://search.cac.gov.ng/",
    "code": 403,
    "etat": "ACCES REFUSE (cle / compte / payant / robots)",
    "apport": "Registre des societes (Nigeria)"
   },
   {
    "source": "Ghana — RGD / ORC",
    "url": "https://rgd.gov.gh/",
    "code": 200,
    "etat": "JOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Registre des societes (Ghana)"
   },
   {
    "source": "Afrique du Sud — CIPC",
    "url": "https://www.cipc.co.za/",
    "code": 200,
    "etat": "JOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Registre des societes (Afrique du Sud) — recherche payante"
   },
   {
    "source": "Kenya — Business Registration",
    "url": "https://brs.go.ke/",
    "code": 200,
    "etat": "JOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Registre des societes (Kenya)"
   },
   {
    "source": "Senegal — Senegal Entreprise",
    "url": "https://www.senegalentreprise.sn/",
    "code": null,
    "etat": "INJOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Creation/recherche d entreprise (Senegal)"
   },
   {
    "source": "Cote d Ivoire — RCCM",
    "url": "https://www.rccm.ci/",
    "code": null,
    "etat": "INJOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Registre du commerce et du credit mobilier (Cote d Ivoire)"
   },
   {
    "source": "RDC — Guichet Unique",
    "url": "https://www.guichetunique.cd/",
    "code": null,
    "etat": "INJOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Guichet unique de creation d entreprise (RDC)"
   },
   {
    "source": "Zambie — PACRA",
    "url": "https://www.pacra.org.zm/",
    "code": 200,
    "etat": "JOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Registre des societes (Zambie)"
   },
   {
    "source": "Zimbabwe — CIPZ",
    "url": "https://www.cipz.co.zw/",
    "code": null,
    "etat": "INJOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Registre des societes (Zimbabwe)"
   },
   {
    "source": "Madagascar — EDBM",
    "url": "https://www.edbm.mg/",
    "code": 200,
    "etat": "JOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Agence de promotion + formalites (Madagascar)"
   },
   {
    "source": "Mozambique — Portal do Governo",
    "url": "https://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/",
    "code": null,
    "etat": "INJOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Point d entree registres publics (Mozambique)"
   },
   {
    "source": "Guinee — APIP",
    "url": "https://www.apip.gov.gn/",
    "code": 200,
    "etat": "JOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Agence de promotion des investissements (Guinee)"
   },
   {
    "source": "Cameroun — CFCE",
    "url": "https://www.cfce.cm/",
    "code": null,
    "etat": "INJOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Centre de formalites de creation d entreprises (Cameroun)"
   },
   {
    "source": "Mali — API-Mali",
    "url": "https://www.apimali.gov.ml/",
    "code": 503,
    "etat": "HTTP 503",
    "apport": "Agence de promotion des investissements (Mali)"
   },
   {
    "source": "Burkina Faso — CEFORE",
    "url": "https://www.cefore.bf/",
    "code": null,
    "etat": "INJOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Creation d entreprise en ligne (Burkina Faso)"
   },
   {
    "source": "Niger — Maison de l Entreprise",
    "url": "https://www.maisondelentreprise.ne/",
    "code": null,
    "etat": "INJOIGNABLE",
    "apport": "Guichet de formalites (Niger)"
   }
  ]
 },
 "pistes_au_dela": [
  {
   "nom": "ICIJ — Offshore Leaks",
   "url": "https://offshoreleaks.icij.org/pages/database",
   "statut": "joignable (HTTP 200)",
   "apporte": "Entites offshore, dirigeants et intermediaires (Panama / Paradise / Pandora papers) : la seule base ouverte qui contient les societes ecran.",
   "limite": "Couverture issue de fuites, non exhaustive ; l'absence ne prouve rien."
  },
  {
   "nom": "EITI — obligation 2.5 (BE)",
   "url": "https://eiti.org/beneficial-ownership",
   "statut": "joignable (HTTP 200)",
   "apporte": "Registres publics de beneficiaires effectifs dans les pays membres : c'est la voie NORMATIVE pour les 16 pays suivis.",
   "limite": "Qualite et couverture heterogenes selon les pays ; souvent au niveau du permis, pas de la societe."
  },
  {
   "nom": "SEC EDGAR — Exhibit 21 / 20-F",
   "url": "https://efts.sec.gov/LATEST/search-index?q=%22subsidiaries%22&forms=20-F",
   "statut": "joignable (HTTP 200) — exige un User-Agent declaratif ASCII, sinon 403",
   "apporte": "Listes de filiales declarees par les groupes cotes aux Etats-Unis (10 000+ documents 20-F en contiennent) : la structure intermediaire que GLEIF ne donne pas.",
   "limite": "Ne couvre que les groupes cotes aupres de la SEC ; les filiales africaines y sont rarement detaillees."
  },
  {
   "nom": "Open Ownership — donnees BODS",
   "url": "https://bods-data.openownership.org/",
   "statut": "joignable (HTTP 200) ; le registre interrogeable est ferme (403 robots) et l'API v0.2 est hors service",
   "apporte": "Jeux BODS en masse (beneficiaires effectifs declares, format normalise).",
   "limite": "Telechargement et traitement hors ligne ; pas d'interrogation a la volee."
  }
 ],
 "acces_requis": [
  {
   "objet": "Numeros d'immatriculation (RCCM / registre national)",
   "constat": "Cote d'Ivoire (rccm.ci), Senegal, Zimbabwe (CIPZ), Cameroun, Burkina, Niger : noms de domaine non resolus ; RDC (guichetunique.cd) : echec de poignee de main TLS ; Mali : HTTP 503.",
   "debloque": "Rattacher un flux a une entite immatriculee : juridiction, date de creation, capital, dirigeants."
  },
  {
   "objet": "Nigeria — CAC",
   "constat": "HTTP 403 : recherche publique protegee.",
   "debloque": "Registre des societes nigeriennes."
  },
  {
   "objet": "OpenCorporates (API)",
   "constat": "HTTP 401 : cle d'API requise (offre payante).",
   "debloque": "Registres de commerce agreges de plus de 140 juridictions."
  },
  {
   "objet": "Afrique du Sud — CIPC",
   "constat": "Site joignable, documents payants.",
   "debloque": "Verification d'existence et statut des societes sud-africaines."
  },
  {
   "objet": "Beneficiaires effectifs (UBO)",
   "constat": "Aucune source UBO connectee : les 28 entites du graphe ne portent que leur identite legale et 7 relations declarees.",
   "debloque": "Repondre a la question de fond : l'acheteur et le vendeur appartiennent-ils au meme groupe ?"
  }
 ]
}